Public health Essay Example for Free

Public health Essay The difference in the roles of the public health nurse and the community health nurse lie not in the types of care offered but in the level at which this care is offered to patients. The public health nurse provides care to individuals or to the members of a family. The community health nurse, on the other hand, provides on-going care and tips to a wider base of persons within a community. The goal of the public health nurse is to promote the wellness of the persons that reside within a community, so this role is often confused with that of the community health nurse. In fact, in many regions and countries, the terms are used interchangeably. However, while the role of the public health nurse is to identify and deal with distinct illnesses being faced by persons at a given time, community health is concerned with the identifying issues in the physical and social environment that may affect the etiology of disease. The community health nurse works to educate the public regarding any such issues found to be of medical concern rather than merely to treat specific people with specific illnesses (Lundy James, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is often the case, however, that the role of public health nursing is contained within that of community health nursing. One particular definition of community health nursing gives its role as promoting and preserving health within a given population through education and the integration â€Å"of skills relevant to both nursing and public health† (Lundy James, 2001, p. 874). Another definition demonstrating this integration of public health nurse’s role into that of the community health nurse is found in a journal by the ACHNE. It states that â€Å"Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing theory and public health theory applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations† (qtd. in 2001, p. 874). It can therefore be seen that community health nursing extends beyond simply promoting prevention and good health practices; it also includes some measures taken by nurses toward ameliorating the effects of diseases being suffered by individuals in a given instance. This incorporates the role of the public health nurse. Therefore, the main difference between the two still appears to be the level at which the care is offered to the members of a population. Reference Lundy, K. S. S. James. (2001). Community health nursing: caring for the public’s health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sudbury: Jones Bartlett.

Natty Dreadlocks The Study of the Youth Black Faith and the Bobo Dreads

Natty Dreadlocks The Study of the Youth Black Faith and the Bobo Dreads The most outstanding characteristic of the Rastafarians is then- hair. Although other people view dreadlocks as disgusting, smelly, and as a symbol of craziness, the Rastas see the dreadlocks as part of who they are and what they stand for. The longer and more developed their dreads are represents their status and their faith. They think of their hair as a crown, like the crown of their king, Halle Selassie, or to the main of the lion symbolizing male strength. The Rastas' crowns let people know they are rebelling against oppression and do not want to"fit in"with the people that view them as freaks. They started this trend to go against organizational life and challenge the social and religious norms that were implicated at the time. The Youth Black Faith and later the Bobo Dreadlocks made great contributions to implementing the Dreadlock trend and helped break away from the oppression they endured. In the late 1940's, five brethren, guided by their love for the Rastafarian doctrine. got together to start what would become the Youth Black Faith. These five leaders held their own on the streets. They called themselves Brother Taf, Pete, Brother Firsop, Badaman and Watson. Kingston was expanding rapidly due to peasants leaving the rustic for urban poverty. Back-o-Wall had already entered into Ackee Walk next to the large May Pen cemetery and stretched farther south all the way to the seaside except for an intervening portion that the water commission owned. In Trench Town, also, slums filled up the area with footpaths and alleyways connecting them. It was at one of these slums in Trench Town, Ninth Street to be exacts that Brother Taf and Pete lived. ... ... to Walter Rodney , Africa World Press Inc., 1987 Chevannes, Barry, Rastafari : Roots and Ideology Hausman, Gerald, the Kebra Negast - The-Book-of-Rastafarian Falth--from Ethiopia and Jamaica , St. Martin's Press, 1997 Internet [precise URLs may be in error due to translation, and they are not the fault of the author. -Editor] Jamaica atlas : http: //WWW. t Urknet. coin/ at I as/ 9 7 august/_I am at ca/page2. htni I The Bobo Dread: Beliefs and Rituals : littp:/'/www.envirolink.org/oneworlct/t'OCLts/ettopla/rasta3.litinI Dread History : 'The African Diaspora, Ethiopianism, and Rastafari littp://editcate.si.edLL/nllgrations/rasta/pic I O.html The Bobo Dread : Relations with the Outside littp: /'/www. etiviro link. org/oneworld/t'OCLIs/etiopia/rasta 1. litral The Bobo Dread : littp: //www. envirolik. org/oneworld/ t'OC US/eti Opt a/rasta. htm I

Nursing Care in Rural Communities Essay

Nursing Care in Rural CommunitiesLiving in a rural community can present challenges for residents in receiving adequate health care. Many believe that rural communities present less health risks than urban communities. In actuality, they each have their own unique health problems and risks. In rural areas, the elderly population is at risk for not obtaining sufficient healthcare for numerous reasons such as knowledge deficit, lack of transportation, and financial woes. The healthcare community also faces challenges in providing healthcare in rural areas. The community health nurse plays an extremely important role in rural America. They will help ensure that the community has access to appropriate medical care and assist with referrals for financial assistance. Rural Community Health versus Urban City Health There have many debates over the years about who has the better quality of life, including less health problems, those who live in rural communities or those that live in the urban city communities. Any person that is asked, will most likely have their own opinion. However, in actuality, both have their own unique set of health problems. Kids that grow up in rural areas, particularly farming areas, have a lower incidence of asthma and breathing difficulties than kids raised in urban areas. But, on the other hand, children in rural areas, on average, consume more fat and sugar than those in urban areas. Therefore, it is no surprise that the childhood obesity rate is the highest in rural areas CITATION Bec11 l 1033 (Beck, 2011). Urban communities a higher rate of sexually transmitted diseases and more violent crimes than that in rural communities. In urban areas, there tends to be a larger impoverished population due to immigrants migrating to urban areas. When a large portion of the population is at or below poverty level, it results in poorer living conditions and difficulty obtaining adequate food, water, sewage, and health care. Because of that, there is an increased rate of preventable diseases related to lifestyles CITATION Gal12  l 1033 (Galea, Ompad, & Vlahov, 2012). Both urban and rural communities have various drug and alcohol problems. The types of drugs and population using are unique to the area. Urban areas tend to have more sources available to help those seeking it. There are more treatment centers and also clean needle exchange programs. The Elderly Population in Rural America Many elderly that live in rural communities, have lived there the majority of their lives. Many will be living alone if their spouse has previously passed away. A specific need that many may have is lack of transportation. In most rural areas, there is not public transportation available. This results in many elderly missing medical appointments, check-ups, and possibly not even making an appointment when ill. Lack of receiving appropriate medication can also be a result of being without transportation. However, there are many other contributing factors for those not taking the appropriate medications. Many elderly living in rural areas, come from families that have farmed all their lives. Farming is an industry that has its ups and downs financially, and although provided for the family at the time, many did not have money available in retirement funds. This has resulted in a monetary deficit in the aging population. Another reason the elderly population in rural areas may not recei ve the appropriate prescriptions, is knowledge deficit. Many, especially in rural areas, have grown up treating themselves and their families with home remedies. This was a cost-saving solution, and also resolved the issue of limited available medical care. There are specific medical problems that are more prevalent in rural populations. These include heart disease, skin cancers, and Alzheimer’s or a form of dementia. Chronic diseases also more predominant in the aging population of rural America, these include arthritis and hypertension CITATION Rog02 l 1033 (Rogers, 2002). Challenges for Healthcare in Rural America. There are several challenges that are widespread when providing healthcare in Rural America. In general, there are less healthcare providers and hospitals available in rural areas. If there is a hospital close, it will most likely lack many pertinent departments such as a cardiac cath lab or a labor and delivery unit. Patients will be required to relocate to a larger town, further away. This may not be possible to many rural  Americans due to lack of financial ability, lack of transportation, or the lack of education. T hey may not have been educated on the importance of the procedure. There are also many insurance companies that do not contract with rural physicians. This would deter many people from obtaining adequate medical care due to the out of pocket cost CITATION Mos08 l 1033 (Moscovice & Rosenblatt, 2008). The Role of the Community Health Nurse in Rural Settings. The community health nurse will take on many roles in rural settings. Educating about the importance of immunizations is imperative. But, also, ensuring that all community members that desire the immunizations have the ability to come to the clinic to receive them. If not, the nurse may need to develop another plan in order to meet the community’s needs. The community health nurse needs to assist the elderly with obtaining transportation for medical visits. If they are only able to establish transportation certain days of the week, if possible make appointments for that day for them. Education is a large part of any nurse’s job description. However, as a rural community health nurse, it is essential that the community is educated on disease processes and the importa nce of taking prescriptions as prescribed by the physician. Many in rural communities, will generally have their own home remedies that they have used and may not understand why a specific medication is necessary. Because of financial concerns of many in rural areas, the community health nurse will need to educate patients on medical financial assistance programs and which local providers and hospitals are contracted with their insurance companies. Urban areas and rural communities in America, each come with their own unique health problems that are specific to that area. As a rural community health nurse, it is imperative to understand what specific deficits the general rural population has related to healthcare. The community health nurse has the ability to ensure that the entire rural community has access to healthcare, adequate education related to their medical problems, and can help refer patients to assistance for transportation and financial assistance. References BIBLIOGRAPHY Beck, M. (2011). City vs. Country: Who is Healthier. Wall Street Journal. Galea, S., Ompad, D., & Vlahov, D. (2012, September). Urban Health Issues. Retrieved from Rutgers University: http://www.healthynj.org/ Moscovice, I., & Rosenblatt, R. (2008). Quality-of-Care Challenges for Rural Health. The Journal of Rural Health, 168-176. Rogers, C. (2002). The Older Population in 21st Century Rural America. Rural America, 2-10.

Golden Toad - Facts and Figures

Name: Golden Toad; also known as Bufo periglenes Habitat: Tropical forests of Costa Rica Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-20 years ago) Size and Weight: About 2-3 inches long and one ounce Diet: Insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Bright orange males; larger, less colorful females About the Golden Toad Last seen in 1989--and presumed to be extinct, unless some individuals are miraculously discovered elsewhere in Costa Rica--the Golden Toad has become the poster genus for the mysterious worldwide decline in amphibian populations. The Golden Toad was discovered in 1964, by a naturalist visiting a high-altitude Costa Rican cloud forest; the bright orange, almost unnatural color of the males made an immediate impression, although the slightly larger females were much less ornate. For the next 25 years, the Golden Toad could only be observed during the spring mating season, when large groups of males would swarm over less numerous females in small ponds and puddles. (See a slideshow of 10 Recently Extinct Amphibians.) The extinction of the Golden Toad was sudden and mysterious. As recently as 1987, over a thousand adults were observed mating, then only a single individual in 1988 and 1989 and none thereafter. There are two possible explanations for the demise of the Golden Toad: first, since this amphibian relied on very specialized breeding conditions, the population could have been knocked for a loop by sudden changes in climate (even two years of unusual weather would have been enough to wipe out such an isolated species). And second, its possible that the Golden Toad succumbed to the same fungal infection that has been implicated in other amphibian extinctions around the world.

The Ethical Principles Of Physician Assisted Suicide

There are a few different forms of physician-assisted death, such as active, passive, and assisted suicide. To some people they may mean the same thing but in reality, they are quite different. Active euthanasia is when a physician physically injects the patient with a drug that ends their live or in some way is the direct result of the patient’s death. Passive euthanasia is the result of something taken away from the patient that results in their death, such as removing a breathing tube or stopping treatment. Physician assisted suicide is the result of lethal medication given to the patient for them to take on their own time when they are ready to end their life. Some people see these different forms as being the same while others see them as being different. There are four ethical principles that become involved in conflict with these forms of euthanasia. These principles are beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, and justice, which act against each other sometimes in the c ases of euthanasia. Beneficence is the duty of the physician to have the welfare of the patient is their first concern. This principle sometime goes against euthanasia because of the fact the physicians are stopping treatment, which results in the death of the patient. Many argue this act is the result of not thinking of the patient’s welfare. Another principle is autonomy, according to Steve Pantilat, â€Å"Autonomous individuals act intentionally, with understanding, and without controlling influences†Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Principles Of Physician Assisted Suicide1214 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide (PAS), refers to self-administration of medication prescribed to a patient by their physician to end his or her life, and euthanasia, the administering of lethal drugs by a physician to end a patient’s life (Lachman, 2015) are extremely controversial topics. For several decades, supporters for the legalization of PAS and euthanasia have serv ed as advocates for terminally ill patients who wish to have an alternative to a long, drawn out, painful death. These supportersRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide, When Is It Acceptable?1709 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide, When is it acceptable? Assisted suicide had raised issues of great importance in the society particularly the most controversial of all, the physician assisted suicide in the health care field. Since Oregon and other states implemented the legalization of physician assisted suicide, the debates continues. The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1997 and the Pain Relief Promotion Act of 2000 (H.R. 5544) have kept these topics on the policy of the national agenda, along withRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Controversial Healthcare And Political Realms Alike1218 Words   |  5 Pages Physician-Assisted Suicide Elissa Munoz-Tucker University of Arizona Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is controversial in healthcare and political realms alike. Currently, this end-of-life option is practiced in five states within the United States. Social concerns regarding assisted suicide revolve around ethical quandaries; providing the means to a patient’s death is contradictory to ethical principles of healthcare providers. Political concerns surroundingRead MoreAssisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1224 Words   |  5 Pages11/20/2014 Assisted suicide is a controversial subject that welcomes death over life and presents many ethical dilemmas. We are frequently confronted with situations that raise ethical and moral questioning in our lifetimes. Traumatic events, as witnessed in the cases of Terri Schiavo, Brittany Maynard and Dax Cowart, often leave an impression on one s mortality and fate. Decisions may leave us questioning our moral, ethical, and spiritual beliefs. This report will address the ethical implicationsRead MoreThe Death Of Physician Assisted Suicide1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthose who think it could be immoral. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting the physician-assisted suicide. To guarantee that the process is carried out correctly a doctor or a witness should be there to prove consciousness. The patient must be diagnosed with a terminal illness, if they are not then there is a possibility for a life. There are many pro†™s and con’s to physician-assisted suicide. If a person is terminally ill theyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1720 Words   |  7 PagesIt is obvious discussing physician-assisted suicide is a very controversial issue that is discussed daily by those who wish to die to avoid loss of dignity and also by those who think it is unethical. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered, the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting death with dignity. Physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for people who are unable to end their own lives. However, there should be safeguards to prevent any sort of abuseRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?810 Words   |  4 PagesThe Right to Die Having the right to life, also gives one the right to death. Outrageously, physician assisted suicide is illegal in all but five states in the U.S; including California, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Vermont; this law, violating rules of ethics, also defies morals. Some actions in the past, including women not having voting rights, and experimentation on prisoners and the mentally ill, also infringed upon ethics and morale. Women not being permitted to vote before theRead MoreWhat Is Black And White Anymore? Death With Dignity Laws994 Words   |  4 Pagesmentally competent, terminally ill adults to request a prescription medication from their physician for hastening their death. Commonly also described as physician-assisted suicide, Physician-assisted dying, aid in dying, or medical aid-in-dying. (death with dignity, n.d.) This includes clearly the establishment of the needed knowledge intentionally as well as knowingly to an individual so that he or she can commit sui cide. This knowledge may involve counseling the person on the lethal drug doses in termsRead MoreEthical Considerations in Dealing with Changes in the Healthcare System929 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, ethical considerations are becoming a major factor in dealing with changes in the healthcare system. A topic of consideration that creates controversial discussion is the subject of physician-assisted suicide. Physician-assisted suicide is described as the act in which a physician provides the means necessary for the client to perform the act of suicide. The issue of physician-assisted suicide is viewed through many different perspectives. The topic of physician-assisted suicide has beenRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legalized1194 Words   |  5 Pagessubject of legalizing physician-assisted suicide is hotly debated these days. There have been many high profile cases including Dr. Jack Kevorkian in the 90’s to the young Oregonian Brittany Maynard who ended her life just this year. Physician-assisted suicide is currently legal in Oregon, Washington, and Montana. However, even where legal, it is unethical for medical professionals to engage in assisting patients to end their lives. There are many good alternatives to physician-assisted death available

Nashville - Were Born Into It - 879 Words

NASHVILLE — They were born into it. But, what was once a 20 cow operation has grown into 150 cows and 700 acres. Spring Walk Farm, the name of which comes from the land and the spring by which they would have to walk to get to the barn, was established just north of Nashville in the late 1800s by William Wachtel. It s now run by the father-son team of Bill and Kurt, who inherited it from William s son and Bill s father, Floyd. Floyd was born in 1918 to William and Lena, who lived down the road from today s main farmhouse. It s the same home into which Bill and his two sisters and Kurt and his two sisters were born. Bill and wife, Beverly, to whom he was married in 1963, moved into the main farmhouse when their children were young. Originally, William Wachtel milked all his Guernsey cows by hand. It was Floyd who introduced portable milkers, which were carted from stall to stall, with milk captured in buckets transported by hand to cans stored in a cooler in the milk house. By this time, the number of cows milked on the farm had doubled. In the 1950s, a milking parlor was constructed and it s in there, with pipelines running from each stanchion to bulk tanks, the milk makes its way to await transfer into a cooler truck, which will haul it away. And, while the job was getting more streamlined, it didn t make adjustment to farm life any easier for Beverly, who grew up as a city girl from Millersburg. â€Å"I was not a farm girl,† she said, adding the one piece of advice herShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Luke Bryan1069 Words   |  4 PagesWell known for being a great country singer, Thomas Luther â€Å"Luke† Bryan has a positive outlook on life despite the hard times he has faced. He was born in a small country town and lived a happy childhood with his family. His family was always very supportive of his dream to be a singer. Even from the beginning of his career, Luke Bryan has been very successful as a country singer. He has been nominated for many awards and won quite a few as well. Bryan lovingly takes care of his current family ofRead MoreKamal Abokor . 2/06/2017. Period 7-8. Research Paper.1583 Words   |  7 PagesBattle of Nashville Essay What was the impact of the Battle of Nashville on the Civil war The Battle of Nashville was an important battle in the Civil war which took place in December 1864 during the Civil War, The once powerful Confederate Army of Tennessee was nearly destroyed when the Union Army led by Ulysses S. Grant swarmed over rebel trenches around Nashville. That represented the end of large scale fighting in the American Civil War. The Battle of Nashville was a twoRead More Biography of Oprah Winfrey Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pages Oprah Gail Winfrey, a famous black writer, talk show host, and actress, was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi .She was born to unwed, teenage parents. Her mother Vernita Lee was eighteen and a housemaid. Her father Vernon Winfrey was twenty and in the armed forces. Winfrey was named Orpah from the Book of Ruth in the Bible, but her name was later changed to Oprah because it was easier to pronounce. As a youth, Winfrey moved to Milwaukee to live with her mother. Her mothers lackRead MoreThe Life of Oprah Gail Winfrey Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Oprah Gail Winfrey Oprah Gail Winfrey was born January 29, 1954 on the family farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Her dad, Vermon Winfrey, who was stationed as a solider at a local base; and her mother, Vernita Lee, were both young at the time of Oprahs birth. Her parents never married. Shortly after she was born her mother found a job, as a maid, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Oprah was left in the care of her grandmother, Hattie Mae Lee. As a child Oprah neverRead MoreThe Secret to Oprah Winfreys Success1446 Words   |  6 Pagesprobably many questions that can be asked about how Oprah became who she is. But, I’ll just say that Oprah’s childhood, social class, and her career aspirations are key to her success. When Oprah was born, the voyage to her success started which was January 29th, 1954. Oprah Gail Winfrey was born to Vernita Lee at age eighteen, and Vernon Winfrey who was the age of twenty. After Oprah’s birth, Vernita, Oprah’s mother had to find a job, so she moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Oprah then had to liveRead MoreEssay on Profile of a Person1649 Words   |  7 Pagesthe guitar outside the building by himself. The guy that I am talking about is Andrew Gordon Conner, who has born on august 8 1992, and he is the person that organize my hall, and needs to maintain the organization, like a security, known here in the U.S as R.A. I knew that he was a different guy with a lot of experiences for me to know, but actually he was way more than that. Andrew was born at Bangkok, Thailand. At the time he told me that, I became so interest to know about the culture, and allRead MoreGarth Brooks Essay742 Words   |  3 PagesGath Brooks Troyal Garth Brooks (also know as Garth Brooks) is the world’s greatest country singer of all time. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma on February 7, 1962. He was raised in the small town of Yukon with country music in his blood. He was the youngest child in his family that consisted of six children. His Mother, Colleen Carroll, was a Professional country singer while she raised Garth and his five other siblings with her husband, Troyal Carroll. Troyal worked as a engineer for UnocalRead MoreOprah, By Oprah Gail Winfrey1019 Words   |  5 Pagesstarting her own charities. Oprah Winfrey, the richest African American of the 20th century, is one of the most inspirational people by expressing her power of healing through dealing with her weight and abuse. Oprah, child of Vernita and Vernon, was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi on January 29, 1954. Oprah’s story would not be complete without taking a look at her early life and challenges she had to overcome to achieve her fame. Her early life began living with her grandmother in a farming communityRead MoreOprah Winfrey : The Biggest Adventure You Can Take1486 Words   |  6 Pagesmedia empire and give billions of dollars to various charities. These charities include opening an all-girls school in Africa. Born January 29, 1954 on a farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi, to 20 year-old Vernon Winfrey and 18 year-old Vernita Lee. Her parents, who were not in love considered Oprah to be an utter mistake. Winfrey’s father was in the service when she was born, which caused her mothers wanting To Leave Mississippi.In fact ,Oprah s father did not know he had a daughter. Oprah s motherRead MoreAct Of Congress 1890 Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesgrants a pension to all wives of veterans who served in the American Civil War. On April 10, 1890, Friederike (Miko) Ruesse fills out an application to receive a widow’s pension. Her late husband, Johann Voss, had served during the war. Rike goes to Nashville, the county seat of Washington County, to see an attorney. Filling out a form, she swears to the following: â€Å"In the state of Illinois, county of Washington, on this April 10, 1890, personally appeared before me, Friederike Ruesse. Her age is 53

Sad, But True free essay sample

Bugs crawling on the wall, all over the walls and ceiling. Not able to slip into a beautiful dream. Always hearing my mom and step-dad arguing about not having any money. This is the story of a twelve year olds struggling life with two coke head parents. My life was amazing up until the age of twelve through fifteen. Those were the worst days and years of my life. Parents who lost both jobs and developed drug problems. Never cared about the three children they had in their lives. All they cared about was when they were going to snort their next line. As a twelve year old girl all I wanted to do was scream and cry, Hearing then argues about their drugs and when they were going to get their drugs. This argument became a routine thing. With nothing but my strength to take care of my seven year old sister and two year old brother. We will write a custom essay sample on Sad, But True or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was really the only thing they had and I was not about to let them down at all. I tried hard to search for food everyday and make sure they were fed before they laid their sleepy heads down. Eventually many people gave up on helping us out. Three children stuck in the middle of all this animosity. The only one I could turn to was my grandma. She bought and brought things for us kids to survive. She could not stand to be around my mom and step-dad, but then again who could. The only thing that you could see was their skinny pale faces and skin, also their sunken eyes with dark black circles around them. I hated looking at them or even being in the same room as them. When I looked at them all I seen was the zombies they were turning into. Love, I had no love for them and every day I would lay in bed wondering when they would die?! Unfortunately they never did and they are still surviving. They have been clean for five years. But I still wonder when I am going to see those bugs crawling on the walls and ceilings. Because every drug addict has to cure their addiction on way or another. Wonder when it will happen again?!